Research paper on multiple sclerosis

Research paper on multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which most often presents as relapsing-remitting episodes. Recent evidence suggests that activated astrocytes play a dual functional role Scientists sponsored by NIH ’s NIAID are testing an experimental stem cell treatment (called autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or AHSCT) against the best available biologic therapies for severe forms of relapsing MS. Investigators in the BEAT-MS (BEst Available Therapy versus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for Multiple Sclerosis) trial are removing some of the person’s Excerpt from Research Paper: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease. It affects the brain and spinal cord, and damages the covers that insulate the nerve cells. When these covers are damaged, the nervous system experiences a breakdown in communication. This causes a wide range of symptoms and signs that can affect numerous areas of the body. Mental and physical problems appear, along with a

Multiple Sclerosis: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Find out if your paper is original. Our plagiarism detection tool will check Wonder how much time you need to deliver your speech or presentation? Don't know how to research paper on multiple sclerosis the bibliography page in your paper? Use this converter to calculate how many pages a certain number Create a strong thesis statement with our online tool to clearly express Multiple Sclerosis is a demyelization disorder of the central nervous system and the spinal cord; which leads to patches of plaques in the regions of the brain and spinal cord.

Causes of multiple sclerosis may vary; however, research has linked many different causes to the onset of MS. Causes may include: a virus causing demyelization, violent trauma to the head or spinal cord, and or an immune system attack which cause the body to attack the myelin sheaths around the neurons in the ascending and descending pathways. The most common symptoms and limitations for multiple sclerosis patients are fatigue, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and loss of vision Silverthorn, Patients may also experience stiffness and spacticity, balance and coordination impairment, bladder or bowel dysfunction, cognitive or emotional disturbances, or pain.

Each individual may experience one or more symptoms sporadically, with temporary periods of remission Whitney, Thus, limitations depend on the research paper on multiple sclerosis of the MS or if the MS is in remission or exacerbation state, research paper on multiple sclerosis. Since MS is a neurological disease, many limitations are caused by a lack of neuromuscular control.

One limitation for MS patients is spacticity. Since the patient becomes more spastic and loses control of voluntary muscle, it becomes harder for them to control desired movement plans. Gait becomes a problem because the MS patient cannot always control the appropriate muscles needed to effectively and efficiently loco mote.

Efficiency of movement is also a limitation among patients with MS. Most MS patients become tired or weak due the amount of energy it takes to control muscle activity. Weakness is due to poor transmission of electrical impulse, thus server uphill locomotion may only fatigue the nerve and further increase the muscle weakness.

However, Randall and Schapiro found that patients with MS who perform well balance exercises that involve weight lifting or repetitive movements of muscles to the point of fatigue do not increase their muscular strength. Rather they increase weakness and fatigue.

Fatigue is another limitation for patients with MS because it makes it difficult to maintain proper workout intensity, research paper on multiple sclerosis. Muscle fatigue leads to unproductive gait as well as putting the patient at a higher risk of injury due to the fact that fatigue often leads to nausea and disorientation.

This in turn could lead the MS patient to even higher risk of injuring themselves because they are even less aware of there surrounding environment. Another limitation for MS patients is muscle weakness. For many MS patients pain becomes a major issue as the condition begins to worsen.

Thus, this causes muscle to weaken dramatically due to the fact that pain causes the patients to move less, and in turn leads to muscle atrophy.

Since there is a decrease in muscle mass and strength the ability, gait also becomes altered. InBaum and Rothschild found thatpeople were reportedly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Female were 1. Women were stated to be three times more likely than men to get MS Whitney, Over time it seems the prevalence of this disease has not increased sharply within the general population of Americans, although the likelihood of a female being diagnosed with the disease is increasing, research paper on multiple sclerosis.

Research paper on multiple sclerosis may be due to environmental or genetic risk factors. Locomotion is the most basic and yet most essential part of a human transportation, research paper on multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how Multiple Sclerosis effects gait pattern. This was used to rule out obesity, research paper on multiple sclerosis.

Eight muscles were identified for either the swing phase or stance phase. Swing muscles were anterior tibialis, hamstrings, quadriceps and hip flexors; Stance muscles included the gastronomies, quadriceps, adductors, gluteus medius and gluteus maximums.

Goldfarb, et al found that patients with Amyotrophic MS spend less time in the swing phase and more time in stance phase. Therefore, walking velocity decreased in patients Amyotrophic MS. Another study on MS looked at the effects of an aquatic exercise program on gait parameters.

All subjects participated in a 10 week aquatic exercise program consisting of aqua-calisthenics and freestyle swimming. Results indicated patients with MS showed decrease in stride length, slower free speed walking rates and higher walking cadence than those patients without MS.

They also found that patients with MS have less vertical lift when walking. Thus, according to there research aquatic fitness programs have no major effect on improving or impairing studied gait parameters, research paper on multiple sclerosis. A study by Rodgers et al also looked at gait characteristic before and after a six month aerobic training program. They also found that patients with MS have an increase tightness of the hip flexors.

However, because of the nature of the disease they were only able concluded that because neurological decline from MS occurred within the 6 month time frame for several subjects, it was difficult to differentiate the effects of intervention by exercise, form changes in status resulting from progressive of the disease Rodgers, et al Twenty eight subjects were used, 14 with MS and 14 without MS 14 control subject matched for age, gender and height.

In this study subjects were measured research paper on multiple sclerosis their standing balance with feet apart, feet together, stride stance, double support stance, single research paper on multiple sclerosis stance and self generated perturbations.

Results illustrated that there were no differences between MS and the MS control group on the ability to maintain standing balance with feet apart, feet together or in stride stance. Not only was research conducted on the effects of MS on exercise and balance. Research was also conducted on the effects of drugs on MS and its effect on gait parameter.

Several forms of treatment for the symptoms and progression of MS are currently being researched. For example, low-dose oral methotrexate MTXhuman interferons IFNsand the drug cladribine have all been approved to treat MS. Use of oral methotrexate was studied by Goodkin, et al. The study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study, all patients were either assigned to baclofen or placebo.

Doses of 5mg 3 times a day were taken, after 11 days measurements were taken, followed by a two week wash out period. After which the seven placebo patients were given baclofen and seven baclofen patients were given the placebo, research paper on multiple sclerosis. Thus, they concluded that the effects of baclofen on gait in treatment of spacticity was not evident in their study. In the research discussed it is evident that gait patterns in patients with MS are determined by the progression to the disease, rather then exercise and training.

Research concluded that aerobic and aquatic training have little to no significance in the maintance of gait patterns in MS patients. Drug therapies have more side effects then benefits. Also the study found that the drug had also little to no effect on maintance of gait patterns. Furthermore, according to the research, destruction of myelin on the axons is thought to be due to the development of lesions in the central nervous system. Loss of myelin makes it difficult for people suffering from Multiple Sclerosis to perform control voluntary movement gait.

This is because the axon potentials that are transmitted from one neuron to another in a healthy individual are lacking the insulation of myelin, which then delays conduction. It is clear that further research must be conducted in order to find a cure or a form of inhabiting the onset of MS.

Discovery of a medication that treats all symptoms and slows the progression of the disease internally to improve movement function would be ideal. For many sufferers of MS, the disease goes into remission frequently. With a drug that treats the disease as a whole would allow patients to be able to live symptom free live as well maintain there normal gait pattern. Writing Guide.

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Research paper Medicine. Research Paper on Multiple Sclerosis Download. Samples Introduction Multiple Sclerosis is a demyelization disorder of the central nervous system and the spinal cord; which leads to patches of plaques in the regions of the brain and spinal cord.

There are five common types of multiple sclerosis: Benign Sensory multiple sclerosis, which is a form of multiple sclerosis that does not get worse and is usually accompanied with numbness and blurred vision.

Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive condition where symptoms get worse without a distinct attack. Acute Progressive Multiple Sclerosis involves a rapidly progressive downhill course, where the symptoms become more and more severe, research paper on multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis Research at Johns Hopkins

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Multiple Sclerosis Research

Multiple Sclerosis Research Papers. Multiple Sclerosis Research Papers delve into a sample of a paper ordered for an analysis of the degenerative disorder. Multiple Sclerosis Research Papers examine the disease from any aspect that you need studied. For example, our writers can explain the neurological factors involved with MS or the psychological underpinnings of depression in dealing with Abstract. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non-traumatic disabling disease to affect young adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic impact of the disease. The underlying cause of MS and mechanisms behind this increase remain opaque, although complex gene-environment interactions almost certainly play a significant blogger.com by: Scientists sponsored by NIH ’s NIAID are testing an experimental stem cell treatment (called autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or AHSCT) against the best available biologic therapies for severe forms of relapsing MS. Investigators in the BEAT-MS (BEst Available Therapy versus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for Multiple Sclerosis) trial are removing some of the person’s